Monophyly of brachiopods and phoronids: reconciliation of molecular evidence with Linnaean classification (the subphylum Phoroniformea nov.).

摘要: Molecular phylogenetic analyses of aligned 18S rDNA gene sequences from articulate and inarticulate brachiopods representing all major extant lineages, an enhanced set phoronids several unrelated protostome taxa, confirm previous indications that in such data, brachiopod form a well-supported clade (on evidence) is unambiguously affiliated with protostomes rather than deuterostomes. Within the brachiopod-phoronid clade, association between moderately well supported, whilst close relationship craniid inarticulates weakly indicated. Brachiopod-phoronid monophyly reconciled most recent Linnaean classification by abolition phylum Phoronida rediagnosis Brachiopoda to include tubiculous, shell-less forms. Recognition are genealogical allies phyla as molluscs annelids, but much more distantly related deuterostome echinoderms chordates, implies either (or both) morphology ontogeny blastopore, mesoderm coelom formation have been widely misreported or misinterpreted, these characters subject extensive homoplasy. This inference, if true, undermines virtually morphology-based reconstructions phylogeny made during past century more.