Toxicity of Sea Algal Toxins to Humans and Animals

摘要: Marine algal toxins are responsible of more than 60000 intoxication/year, with an overall mortality about 1.5%. Human intoxications due to consumption seafood and respiratory exposure aerosolized toxins. Algal also for extensive die-offs fish shellfish, as well in seabirds, marine mammals other animals depending on food web. Lots information available concerning acute intoxications, while little is known environmental health effects chronic low levels Toxins produced by two groups, dinoflagellates diatoms, representing 2% phytoplankton species (60–80 out 3400–4000) can reach humans directly (via shellfish) or through web transfer higher trophic (zooplankton herbivorous fish). Most neurotoxins all temperature stable, so cooking does not ameliorate toxicity contaminated seafoods; five poisoning syndromes exists: paralytic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic ciguatera diarrhetic amnesic poisoning.