Biomass: An Ageless Raw Material for Biofuels

摘要: Biomass has always been a reliable source of energy, from the first man-made fire to utilization pelletized wood as feed for thermal plants. Although use lignocellulosic feedstock solid biofuel is well-known concept, conversion biomass into liquid fuel considerable challenge, and more complex gets (in terms chemical composition) complicated generally expensive process becomes. Depletion oil stocks combined with increasing worldwide energy demand generated an increased interest toward biofuels in past 10–20 years, although most twentieth century research on closely followed price petroleum. Another growing concern 50 years environmental aspects consumption. With concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, biofuels, sometimes criticized, often environmentally friendly option because carbon balance close neutral when compared petroleum-derived fuels such gasoline, diesel, or kerosene. The “first-generation” appear unsustainable potential stress that their production places food commodities. For organic chemicals materials, these needs follow biorefinery model under sustainable conditions. Where operate at present, product range largely limited simple materials (i.e., cellulose, ethanol, biofuels). Second-generation biorefineries need build products through modern proven green technologies bioprocessing including pyrolysis. “Third-generation” algae “fourth-generation” are created using petroleum-like hydroprocessing, advanced biochemistry, revolutionary processes defy any other category biofuels.