RF and X-ray source locations during the lightning attachment process

摘要: [1] Using an eight-station array of electric field derivative (dE/dt) sensors and colocated NaI X-ray detectors, we have obtained 3-D RF source locations during the leaders attachment processes three first strokes initiated by stepped in natural cloud-to-ground lightning one stroke a dart-stepped leader rocket-and-wire triggered flash. Stepped dE/dt pulses are tracked from few hundred meters to tens above ground, after which different characteristics than step observed occur at lower altitudes. These postleader include: (1) “leader burst,” group waveform occurring just prior slow front corresponding return-stroke waveform; (2) front; (3) fast-transition or dominant pulse that is usually associated with rapid transition peak waveform. Additionally, timing coincidence between X rays on measurements used examine production processes. Leader bursts (LBs) largest producers exhibit propagation speeds exceed preceding more order magnitude. Slow-front (SF) appear originate similar physical processes, probably multiple connections upward downward leaders. However, X-rays coincident slow-front pulses.