Biotic versus abiotic pollination in Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae)

摘要: Geographical variation in the reproductive biology of widespread species often occurs at their distributional boundaries. We sought to determine whether such has occurred an invasive orchid, Oeceoclades maculata, across its naturalized range. compared a Brazilian population with that published for on Caribbean island Puerto Rico. In state SA£o Paulo, O. maculata flowers between December and February, height rainy season. Similar fruit sets were observed manual self (76%) cross (70.4%) pollination treatments. The set plants protected from both pollinators rainfall was 6.1%, whereas exposed only had 41.4%, slightly less than controls (48.3%). Like Rico population, reproduction is primarily through rain‐assisted autogamy, but unlike observations made island, outcrossing can eventually occur. two butterfly (Heliconius ethilla narcaea Heliconius erato phyllis) pollinating maculata. Secretory epidermal cells trichomes spur lumen produced 0.7 µL 25% (sucrose equivalents) nectar per flower each morning, which stored dilated basal portion reabsorbed by afternoon. Thus, geographical exists broad range