Biodiversity and Conservation of Coastal Lagoons

摘要: Wetlands are sites of high biodiversity and productivity (Mitsch & Gosselink, 2000). They provide essential services, such as maintenance atmosphere composition, key habitats for migratory species, important nursery areas (Basset Abbiati, 2004), but these ecosystems have suffered a serious decline worldwide due to human influence (Shine Klemm, 1999; Solimini et al., 2008; Stenert Maltchik, 2007). Declining water quality, drainage, eutrophication catchment disturbances development, loss natural vegetation poor agricultural practices changing the fundamental ecology shallow lakes in much world (Drake 2011). Different management strategies been developed solve conservation problems, instance Europeans Natura 2000 network Water Framework Directive (WFD). Among aquatic systems, coastal wetlands subject massive environmental degradation habitat destruction (Goudie, 1990). For example, more than 50% original area that existed 1900 has lost most countries Western Europe (Jones Hughes, 1993). However, not until very recently they become focus interest per se (Abbiati Basset, 2001; Barnes, 1999) with declaration Special Areas Conservation consequence their listing priority type (1150*) on Annex I European Union Habitats (Council 92/43/EEC). Coastal lagoons constitute common environment, occupying 13% (Kjerfve, 1994). The depends largely assessment characteristics, especially biodiversity, which is one main criteria used when elaborating wetland protection policies (Ramsar Convention Bureau, 2005). To assess status correctly it necessary include studies invertebrate fauna. In this sense, composition abundance benthic invertebrates be considered. Within group organisms insects, Coleoptera Hemiptera, two groups environments also freshwater food chain. purpose chapter study importance fauna effectiveness protecting biological values. questions are: “Is