Opioid Peptides, Stress, and Immune Function

摘要: Stress is a term widely used to describe emotional and biologic responses novel or threatening situations. (In humans, “distress” probably preferable term, referring more clearly the response rather than stimulus.) Riley1 postulated that stress could precipitate overt disease when it occurred coincidentally with an incipient neoplasm infection. Many ancient observations indicated failure cope noxious affects (distressing emotions) after be factors in onset course of disease. Galen pointed out melancholy women were prone cancer sanguine women2. Similarly, Sir William Osler felt was as important know what going on man’s head his chest successfully predict outcome tuberculosis. In 1920s, tradition Pavlov, European researchers found immunity influenced by classic conditioning, intimating role for central nervous system (CNS) immune regulation3. These early findings confirmed milestone studies Ader Cohen, showing saccharin conditioned stimulus, reduced antibody prior pairing cyclophosphamide. Twenty years ago, Solomon Moos4 provided speculative theoretical framework, integrating emotions,