Infrastructure to 2030 - telecom, land transport, water and electricity

摘要: This publication considers the future infrastructure requirements to 2030 for telecom, land transport, water and electricity developing world OECD countries. As well as considering issues such economic growth, population income levels, potential impact of development other factors climate change, security issues, likely evolution public finances, human settlement patterns, technology-induced substitution effects are included. A set policy recommendations governments is provided, based on critical future. The chapter telecoms includes a discussion whether teleworking will reduce need travel. It considered that it may travel at peak times, reducing requirements. Part-time more common than full-time teleworking. Many teleworkers live greater distances from their place work. vehicle miles travelled pollutant emissions overstated. transport continue but telecommunications enable flexible services. Videoconferencing audioconferencing complement with increased efficiency productivity gains communications technology translated into extra air Reductions in energy costs, office requirements, secondary services insurance result use telecommunications. Increases remote areas areas, delivery internet shopping predicted. demand surface predicts road new construction $220-290 billion/year between 2010 2030, possibly 20% this amount subject deliberate intervention achieve efficiency. equivalent figure rail $49-58 billion. Infrastructure benefits expected exceed costs. Transport financing, willingness pay, short term political considerations also discussed. large portion domestic, agricultural, amenities industrial uses. current global $574.6 invested Electricity predicted increase 2.5%/year up countries, especially China.