RGS12 inhibits the progression and metastasis of multiple myeloma by driving M1 macrophage polarization and activation in the bone marrow microenvironment

摘要: Dear Editor, Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cancer that grows in the bone marrow and migrates through the bloodstream. Fifty-eight percent of MM patients exhibit the phenotype of hepatomegaly, and 40% have myeloma cell infiltration in the liver [1]. The occurrence and migration of MM are highly associated with the bone marrow microenvironment [2]. A key in the development of MM is the evasion and suppression of the host immune system. Monocyte/macrophage-lineage cells are major components of the infiltrating leukocytes in tumors. Macrophages regulate tumors through not only phagocytosis but also the production of various cytokines and chemokines [3]. Macrophages can be polarized into M1 and M2 macrophages as a reaction to specific microenvironmental stimuli and signals. M1 macrophages are capable of producing numerous cytokines, expressing major histocompatibility complex …