Regulation of Placental Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Placenta Growth Factor (PlGF) and Soluble Flt-1 by Oxygen-A Review

作者: A Ahmed , C Dunk , S Ahmad , A Khaliq

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摘要: Morphological studies show poor placental vascular development and an increase in the mitotic index of cytotrophoblast cells in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We hypothesized that the reported relatively high oxygen level in the intervillous space in contact with IUGR placental villi will limit angiogenesis by changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placenta growth factor (PlGF) expression and function. Western immunoblot analysis demonstrates a diametric expression of PlGF and VEGF proteins throughout pregnancy, with PlGF levels increasing and VEGF levels decreasing, consistent with placental oxygenation. PlGF mRNA and protein is increased in IUGR as compared to gestationally matched normal placentae. Increasing oxygen tension upregulates PlGF protein in term placental villous explants, whereas hypoxia downregulates PlGF and VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) autophosphorylation in term …

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