CHAPTER TWO HIGH RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS OF THE NEAR-SURFACE WIND FIELD ON AN ISOLATED MOUNTAIN AND IN A STEEP RIVER CANYON

摘要: Predictions of terrain-driven winds are important in regions with complex topography for a number of issues, including wildland fire behavior and spread (Sharples et al., 2012; Simpson et al., 2013), transport and dispersion of pollutants (Jiménez et al., 2006; Grell, et al., 2000), simulation of convection-driven processes (Banta, 1984; Langhans et al., 2013), wind energy applications (Chrust et al., 2013; Palma et al., 2008), and climate change impacts (Daly et al., 2013). Numerous efforts have focused on improving boundary-layer flow predictions from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models by either reducing the horizontal grid size in order to resolve finer scale topographical features and their effects on atmospheric flow (Lundquist et al., 2010; Zhong and Fast, 2013) or adding new parameterizations to account for unresolved terrain features (Jiménez et al., 2012). Because NWP simulations are computationally …