Programmed Death 1 (PD 1)‐Mediated T‐Cell Apoptosis and Cancer Immunotherapy

摘要: This chapter summarizes the current knowledge related to role of PD1 in T cell apoptosis and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer immune therapies have been in use for a long time, but success is limited because of mainly low objective response rate and its side effects. Early results of an ongoing trials report that monoclonal antibodies such as Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab used as blockade of newly developed PD1‐PD‐L (programmed death 1‐programmed death ligand) pathway are showing very promising results for the treatment of many cancer types such as melanoma, lungs, and renal cancers. Because of higher objective response rate of these clinical trials, theFDA has given accelerated approval for breakthrough therapy designation to such antibodies for the use against other cancers. The PD1 gene was first isolated from by cDNA subtraction library when stimulated T cells were undergoing apoptosis …