Anal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up☆

摘要: Anal cancer is a rare disease that accounts for< 1% and< 3% of all new cancer diagnoses and gastrointestinal tumours, respectively. The most common histological subtype is squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) with an annual incidence of 0.5-2.0 in 100 000. 1 However, the incidence of anal cancer in Europe, Australia and the United States is increasing. 1 Globally, there were w40 000 new cases of anal cancer estimated in 2012, and in the United States, there has been a more than doubling increase in the reported number of new, age-adjusted cases per 100 000 people per year over last 40 years. 1 Five-year overall survival (OS) has increased from a mean estimate of 64%[95% confidence interval (CI) 58% to 71%] in 1980 to 75%(95% CI 70% to 79%) in 2010 (P ¼ 0.046). 2