Exploring the relationships among bio-physical and socio-cultural ecosystem services of agroforestry systems across Europe

摘要: Agroforestry systems are often highlighted for their multifunctional role, the different goods and services provided, but also for their social-relevance in different European rural landscapes. However the connections among the bio-physical ecosystem services (ES) and the sociocultural values of these landscapes are still underexplored. With the aim of to assess if perceived ES are related to measured and modelled biophysical ES and land use types, we combined seven spatially explicit models of ES and a dataset with more than 2,300 records of public participatory GIS for 12 European landscapes. We found that biophysical ES had variable relevance in predicting socio-cultural ES. In addition, when we analyzed relationships among ES, we found that, in general, biophysical ES values were negatively related to the occurrence of socio-cultural ES. Thus, further research should be developed to explore these potential connections among ES.