Conceptual framework for the development of 4IR skills for engineering graduates

摘要: In this decade, the impact of changes caused by the industrial revolution 4.0 increasingly has been felt. These changes are due to the development of advanced technology that will replace the human workforce with automation and robotics. Existing skills no longer are able to prepare graduates for this. In this regard, engineering graduates should be given early exposure to, and be prepared for, the skills of 4IR. When there is a need to upgrade skills, the development of them becomes the key priority. The purpose of this study was to review the theories and models of skills development, especially for engineering graduates in Malaysia. A systematic review method was adopted in this study, in which previous studies on the skills development for engineering graduates were considered. The results of this systematic review lead to a conceptual framework for the development of 4IR skills in the engineering field. The proposed conceptual framework can act as a foundation and guideline for the future studies conducted by researchers.