Optimal participation of a wind and hybrid battery storage system in the day-ahead and automatic frequency restoration reserve markets

摘要: To evaluate the potential market revenue increase coming from the installation of a hybrid battery energy storage system (HESS) paired with a wind plant, a model is proposed for optimizing the simultaneous participation of the plant in the day-ahead (DA) and the automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR) markets. In the analysis, the Danish market is assumed as a case study. The HESS is composed of a combination of lithium-ion (LiB) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB). The optimal dispatching problem is solved as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP), using a robust formulation to consider the uncertainty of the aFRR market. The developed economic model incorporates the influence of cyclic degradation on the lithium-ion battery’s life, considering it dependent on the number of cycles and the depth-of-discharge of each cycle. The economic and technical effects of hybridization are investigated for …