N1 Opportunity Assessment: Electric Vehicles and the Grid.

摘要: Uptake of Electric Vehicles (EVs) will very likely accelerate over the coming years, with upper end projections of share of new sales of all vehicles in 2030 in Australia approaching 80%, implying a fleet share of around 20-25%. This would lead to an additional load on the electricity grid of 20 GWh per day. If this additional load was spread evenly over the day, it represents a modest increase in demand of 3 to 4%. However, if all EVs were to be plugged in during the evening peak, when most people return home, with each drawing 7kW, the instantaneous load could be over 30 GW, virtually doubling peak electricity demand. Clearly this would be very expensive to accommodate. For this reason, ways to ensure EVs are charged in ways that not only avoid significant detrimental impacts on the grid but can in fact improve the performance of the grid are vital.This report has been compiled with the expertise of multiple experts across a broad range of disciplines relating to EVs, including vehicle and charging infrastructure, distribution and transmission networks, as well as social science areas of human interactions with technology and urban planning and design. The project assembled an industry reference group representing a wide cross section of stakeholders who provided their expert opinions of the key areas of research required to overcome a long list of potential barriers to successful integration of EVs into the grid and compiled a roadmap of research opportunities to address those barriers.