10. INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE

摘要: Concerns with quality in higher education are not new, however it has been mainly since the late 1980s that they have become more visible and relevant for higher education institutions (HEIs), the government and society as a whole, at least at the European level. The demands for economic efficiency given resource constraints, the increasing role of market regulation, the erosion of trust in institutions associated with managerialism and the new public management, and the massification of higher education led to the need for HEIs to justify the expenditure of public funds and to demonstrate value for money (Deem, 1998; Massy, 2003; Rosa & Amaral, 2007). Similarly “academics are encouraged ‘to do more with less’ and be more accountable for scarce resources”(Becket & Brookes, 2008, p. 46). Pressures come from both outside and inside institutions. Externally the pressures are exerted by funding bodies and …