Measuring countries’ impacts on the global commons: A new approach based on production and consumption based accounting

摘要: This chapter presents a new approach for measuring the environmental impacts of human activity at country level including both domestic impacts and the transboundary spillover of harms. The new Pilot Global Commons Stewardship Index aims to respond to three major limitations in the existing frameworks and scorecards of national environmental sustainability:(i) the absence of metrics to gauge success on SDG 12 on Responsible Consumption and Production;(ii) the lack of a methodologically rigorous way to track the environmental impacts embodied in traded goods; and (iii) the absence of a comprehensive and reliable set of indicators related to the decoupling of economic activities from environmental impacts at country level.