A Scoping Review of Approaches to Reduce Stigma and Discrimination Against People with HIV in Health-Care Settings in the United States: Few Recent Interventions Identified

摘要: Approximately 1.2 million people in the United States are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 with only 57.8% of people with HIV estimated to be retained in care. 2 These outcomes are worse among minoritized populations, exacerbating sexual health inequities experienced by racial and ethnic minoritized groups and sexual and gender minoritized groups. 1, 3 Although there are multiple and compounding factors that contribute to these inequities, such as structural racism, lack of health insurance, or disparities in access to quality care, stigma proves to be a large factor inhibiting persons from engaging in HIV prevention and treatment. 3, 4 Stigma has been historically defined “as the co-occurrence of labeling, stereotyping, separation, status loss, and discrimination in a context in which power is exercised.” 5 During the origin of the HIV epidemic in the 1980s, a more specific form of stigma emerged …