AEROSOLS FOR CONCENTRATING SOLAR ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FORECASTS

摘要: (CSP) systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight onto a small area. A working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and this thermal energy can be stored or immediately used to produce electricity via a steam turbine. Alternatively, concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) are a future technology with growing interest among industries, where sunlight is concentrated on smaller and highly efficient but rather expensive photovoltaic cells. Concentrating technologies utilize direct normal irradiance (DNI), which is the direct irradiance on the normal plane with respect to the incoming beam. Typically, DNI is measured as the incoming irradiance from the Sun’s disc together with circumsolar diffuse irradiance within a cone of 2.5 around the Sun's center (WMO 2010). Sunlight is the fuel for each solar energy conversion system. Like any generation source, knowledge about the fuel’s quality and future reliability is essential for an accurate estimate of technical system performance and financial viability of a project. For site selection, choosing the optimum energy conversion technology, or designing systems for specific locations, it is necessary to understand the long-term spatial and temporal variability of available solar resources. For these applications long-term annual or monthly irradiation sums together with accurate frequency distributions of solar irradiance are needed and provided with the help of satellite data (Cano et al. 1986; Beyer et al. 1996; Rigollier et al. 2004). However, short-and medium-term forecasts of the solar resource will remain essential to the plant’s efficient operations and its integration into the …