摘要: Steam pyrolysis is receiving particular interest due to the oil yield increase, ease of removal of the product, and steam's role as reagent in shale oil processing. The experiments on fixed bed steam and nitrogen sweep show that greater oil yields than Fisher Assay (FA) ranging upto 25% were observed. The effect of steam on oil yield in fixed beds was found to be greater than nitrogen which diminished as higher sweep velocities are used. The highest fluidised bed yield for oil shales was reported as 155-160% in excess of FA.There are obvious advantages in considering co-utilisation of oil shales and lignites since they often co-exist in the same sedimentary sequence. Copyrolysis experiments with Turkish oil shales and lignites and asphaltites resulted in increase of oil yield as well as alteration in product distribution.