Dynamics of changes in the soil organic matter, functional diversity and C and N fluxes after shift in agricultural practices of an annual crops rotation under conventional agriculture

摘要: Introduction and objectives Agricultural practices (e.g. crop rotation, tillage) lead to profound changes in soil properties, ecosystem structure (e.g. biodiversity) and functioning (e.g. ecosystem services). Whereas this has been very often characterized in the medium and long terms, little is known so far about how fast soil properties respond to changing practices at the time scale (year to several years) in which farmers take their decision in the management of their crops. In agricultural systems, increasing consideration is given to soil biodiversity, whose role has long been overlooked by agronomists, but whose preservation in now recognized as key for maintaining soil functioning capabilities, such as litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In this context, the SOFIA project addresses the short-term impact of agricultural practices on the soil chemical and physical properties (e.g. soil C and N, pH), the taxonomic and functional diversity of soil communities and the consequences on some soil functions related to organic matter cycling (N mineralization, N2O production, C storage). Materials & methods The SOFIA experiment was held on the SOERE experimental platform of Estrées-Mons (Northern France) dedicated to the study of long-term anthropogenic disturbance on biogeochemical cycles and biodiversity. This experiment, started in 2010, is characterized by a series of treatments comprising different crop rotations (annual, perennial and energy-based crop rotations), rate of N fertilization, deep and reduced soil tillage. These practices are known to affect soil organisms by modulating the amount, chemical nature and location of their food …