Minerals for future low-and zero-CO2 energy and transport technologies

摘要: Meeting climate change mitigation and CO2 emission reduction targets will require a comprehensive transition to low- and zero-CO2 emission energy and transport technologies. This comprehensive energy transition is a vital step towards achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, this transition will also require an almost unprecedented increase in the production of metals and minerals. Although such production has increased throughout the 20th century, the metals and minerals required for the energy transition include a wide range of commodities that are considered critical and/or are produced as by- or co-products of other metals or minerals in addition to base metals and bulk commodities. This breadth of demand, the mineral intensity of the energy transition, and the increases in production required to meet climate change targets mean that meeting this increased demand for metals …