Rice Terrace Farming in lfugao, Philippines?

摘要: Abstract The Little Jee Age was a global phenomenon from the late 13th century AD that affected the northern Philippines by contributing to more arid conditions, especially in the dry season from December toMay. This was more pronounced in the eastern lowlands of Luzon where Amfhan, or northeastern trade winds, were typically dry. In contrast, the central highlands of lfugao and the Luzoh Cordillera were relatively more humid due to orographic relief even in th. e dry season. These conditions were caused by periodic volcanism that cooled the northern hemisphere, forcing the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone further south i'n the range of 0-5" north latitude, and thereby exposing the northern Philippines in the range of 5-15 north latitude to drier conditions. These conditions may have contributed to the exploration of more humid highland terrain by lowland farmers during the critical sowing period for dry, upland rice that has been documented from as early as 3200 years before present (ybp) in the Cagayan lowlands of Luzon, and that might have then also presented opportunities for the expansion of wet-rice farming after its introduction into the Philippines ca. AD 1400-1500. As recent data demonstrates, the rice terraces were not 2,000 year old monumental structures, but were developed around AD 1400, and mostly subsequent to Spanish settlement in the lowlands and the emergence of mountairi. refugium by lfugao and other highland farmers. Subsequent-pressure from the intrusion of Spanish colonialism in the 16th and 17th centuries AD led to the florescence of extensive wetrice farming in the hinterlands remote from Spanish domination.·