The evolution of welfare state governance

摘要: This chapter examines the construction of welfare policies within the confines of evolutionary governance theory. Evolutionary, the modern welfare state emerged in tandem with the process of functional differentiation, and further developed as a complicated instrument for coordinating the market economy with its societal environment. In a first section the chapter outlines how the welfare state is principally concerned with the problem of inclusion in functionally differentiated society. A second section describes how the welfare state evolved from existing systems of social governance, and throughout a process of evolutionary governance created new policy actors, facilities and institutions, as well as new modes of knowledge and expertise. A third and last section discusses some main problems of steering in current welfare state governance and explores the shift away from command and control models in …