National Seminar of Chemistry and the Environment

摘要: Vulnerability of water supplies in contact with pollutants and transmission of hazardous materials to the environment and human body makes the control of water contaminants one of the most important environmental concerns [1]. One of the most effective, low cost, energy saving and reliable methods in wastewater treatment is to use membrane filtration. Membranes are able to separate wide range of materials with a variety of characteristics. Commonly used polymeric membranes include: polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, polyvinylchloride and Polyvinylidene fluoride [2]. Concerning the special role of membrane surfaces in practical applications, it is important to create functional surfaces and exert modifications in order to increase the efficiency of membrane processes. Modification methods can be divided in to two broad categories: physical and chemical methods [3]. Physical methods often relate to use of lasers, plasmas, temperature, ion beams, ballmilling, and polishing and grinding, to alter the surface state of a material of interest. In chemical methods polymeric surfaces or bulk polymers are often modified by photochemical methods of which UV irradiation in air, other reactive atmospheres such as ozone, combined with lasers or lamps, and grafting surface layers is fairly common. Chemical modifications, such as amination, sulfonation, carboxylation, copolymerization with hydrophilic polymers and using inorganic Nano particles have been used to impart hydrophilicity to the surface or internal pores of the porous support layer of hydrophobic PSF polymer [4]. The aim of the …