Species Distribution Modelling: Bombina bombina (Linnaeus, 1761) and its Important Invasive Threat Perccottus glenii (Dybowski, 1877) in Latvia under Global Climate Change.

摘要: Humans have spread non-native animals and plants around the world at an unprecedented rate in the last century. The establishment and spread of exotic species form a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. Amphibians have been greatly affected by introduced species through direct predation and competition. Recent studies have found that many factors of decline, such as habitat modification, chemical contaminants, UV-B and disease, work synergistically to exacerbate the negative effects of invasive species on native amphibians (AmphibiaWeb, 2018; Korzikov, 2016).Invasive species are considered competitive to native species. The strength of such competition depends on the extent species niches overlap. Understanding of interactions between invasive species and other species is challenging but essential for quantifying effects on local communities. It helps develop practical approaches to biodiversity long-term management as well. Understanding of spatial patterns of invasion and the identification of the areas most at risk of invasion are particularly important. These two investigation steps may be used to determine preventive measures that are cheaper and/or more effective than those applied at later invasion stages (Leung et al., 2002; Hulme, 2006).