Operative bleeding during thoracoscopic thymectomy: Causes and management strategies.

摘要: Bleeding during thoracoscopic thymectomy is a potentially critical complication that necessitates either immediate effective thoracoscopic control or conversion to an open approach. It can be difficult to manage and the surgeon must respond quickly in order to keep the patient safe. In this video tutorial we present various forms of intraoperative bleeding that can occur during thoracoscopic thymectomy and discuss how to manage them in patients with myasthenia gravis. Our management techniques include compression, clipping, stitching, and safe conversion to an open approach.