Developing experience-sampling methodology to explore psi in ‘everyday life’

摘要: This paper describes the development of experience-sampling methodology (ESM) to test for psi outside of the laboratory, briefly outlining the protocol for an ESP study using ESM, for which data are currently being collected. ESM is “a research procedure for studying what people do, feel, and think during their daily lives”(Larson & Csikszentmihalyi, 1983, p. 41). It is a quasi-naturalistic method that involves participants providing self-reports about the nature and quality of their experience as they go about their everyday activities. Reporting is either triggered by random signals over a set period of time (signal-contingent sampling) or by a particular environmental or psychological stimulus (event-contingent sampling). The methodology has three broad characteristics: participants record information in a ‘natural setting’; in ‘real time’(ie as close as possible to a signal or event); and on repeated trials (Conner, 2005). As …