The impacts of the gated residential areas on the urban sprawl of Istanbul

摘要: Within the globalization process, the form and extent of spatial changes and transformations in metropolitan cities have differed in central and peripheral areas. The affects of the social and spatial changes caused by globalization experienced worldwide are also seen within the Istanbul metropolitan area.The uncontrolled urban growth in Istanbul in the last 25 years, which has been provoked by political expectations, has become beneficial for immovable investments that depend on annuity expectations. Growth dynamics depending on annuity not only leads to an uncontrolled sprawl in the city but also represents a fragmentary structure in which resources are distributed unevenly. Within this fragmentary structure, some urban areas become attractive domains for investment along with the market conditions; on the other hand, the spatial decomposition among unplanned growth areas, which lack sufficient substructure facilities, is accompanied by social decomposition.