Farming practice affects rice field animal biota during cultivation but not fallow periods in Taiwan

摘要: Rice is one of the most important staple foods in the world, with irrigated rice paddies largely converted from natural wetlands. The effectiveness of rice fields in preserving species depends partially on management practices, including the usage of pesticides. Previous studies have focused predominantly on the cultivation period, leaving the potential effects of soil pesticide residues on organisms during the fallow periods underexplored. Other animals, such as waterbirds, also rely on aquatic invertebrates in flooded fallow fields for their survival. We investigated vertebrates and macroinvertebrates during cultivation and fallow periods in organic and conventional rice fields in Taiwan. The association of environmental factors with terrestrial and aquatic organisms was also analyzed. In total, 32,880 individuals from 144 invertebrate families and 381 individuals from 15 vertebrate families were recorded after nine …