The Interaction between Non-Government-based Smart City Projects and Government-based Environmental Management The Case of Amsterdam

摘要: As a new concept,“smart city” is adopted in the cities as one of the urban development strategies to overcome urban challenges. However, as each city has their established environmental management strategies, there is a lack of understanding about the interaction between non-government-based smart city projects and government-based urban environmental management. To better understand the interaction, this research investigates aspects which contribute to the interaction, Amsterdam is used as a case to study this. Based on the coding analysis of the interview and document transcripts, this study reveals that there are two levels of interaction between smart city projects and environmental management, namely institutional interaction (level 1) and projects interaction (level 2). An institution has to have a reason first as a prerequisite to begin an interaction process at the second level, and an interaction at the second level cannot start if there is no interaction between institutions. This study also shows that two aspects from the smart governance category, namely collective intelligence and flexible government, seem to be a basic foundation which contributes to this interaction in an open system governance model under a transactive planning approach.