摘要: The distinction between phenomenalistic perception and rational un—derstanding of the world is one of the classic distinctions in philoso—phy and psychology. 1 Rational understanding is usually viewed as be—ing based on scientifically accepted theories, methods of analysis, measurement, and interpretation of experience. This type of under—standing may differ substantially from the phenornenalistic perception of the same events and objects, that is, not mediated by scientific conceptions and theories. Attempts to reduce the distressing diversity of the phenomenal world to a limited number of mental constructions (eg," primary substances," numbers or atoms) can be traced back to antiquity (Sextus Empiricus, 1933), yet such attempts became particularly persistent in recent centuries. With the development of scientific knowledge and a rational means of analysis and explaining experi—ence, rational …