Biases in nest survival associated with choice of exposure period: A case study in North American upland game birds

摘要: ABSTRACT Estimated probability of daily nest survival is commonly used to derive cumulative for a specified nest-exposure period. For many species birds, the presence parent an important cue by researchers locate nests, but in some cases detection rates are reduced during egg laying, when parents spend greater amount time away from nest. As result, sample size becomes limited laying stage. Researchers must then choose between 2 alternative strategies deriving survival, based on either (1) exposure length only incubation period or (2) plus incubation. Both approaches carry implicit assumptions, violation which can result bias. We reviewed recent literature and describe extent these were studies galliform birds (including grouse, quail, Wild Turkey [Meleagris gallopavo]) North America. evaluated theoretical potential bias und...