Epigenetics of Depression

摘要: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and associated with poor psychological, medical, socioeconomic outcomes. Although much has been learned about the etiology treatment options MDD over past decade, there remain unanswered questions that pose challenges to improving acute chronic outcomes for those MDD. clinically heterogeneous disorder. Genetic studies date have indicated number genes, including transporters, neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, their signaling networks may predispose individuals also predict However, twin indicate genes account only small degree variation in Thus, other mechanisms, through epigenetic marks, act form molecular memory previous gene-to-environment interactions establish vulnerabilities (or, conversely, resistance) Current evidence supports role pre-, peri-, early postnatal adversities stressful life events into adulthood affecting patterns, providing mechanistic foundation develop marks as biomarkers This review presents supporting effects response. We discuss controversy behind modulating mechanisms long-term antidepressant pharmacotherapy.