Cyanobacterial Toxins in Fresh Waters

摘要: Cyanobacterial blooms have been a growing problem in freshwater lakes, ponds, rivers, and reservoirs worldwide during the last half of twentieth century. The increasing occurrence cyanobacterial is associated with human activities as they relate to global climate change, catchment disturbance, water diversion storage. Under bloom conditions, many species cyanobacteria can produce toxins, primarily liver nerve toxins. Exposure these toxins natural environment through skin, respiratory system, or digestive tract has implicated chronic acute poisonings invertebrates, fish, birds, mammals, including humans. cells release into surrounding when rupture, dissolved be stable resistant traditional drinking treatment methods. In one case, renal dialysis exposure contaminated resulted deaths. Biochemistry, chromatography, molecular technology provide tools monitor toxin concentrations phytoplankton samples. Chlorination activated carbon ozone are most widely practiced options remove from supplies. Strategies prevent directions for future research this area also reviewed.