Brain-based individual differences in online L2 grammatical comprehension ∗

摘要: Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we investigated the impact of a range individual difference measures related to L2 learning on proficient L1 Spanish - English bilinguals' brain responses during morphosyntactic processing. Although grand mean ERP analyses revealed biphasic N400-P600 response subject-verb agreement violations, subsequent showed that participants' varied along continuum between N400- and P600-dominance. To investigate this pattern, introduce two novel independently quantify relative type overall magnitude. Multivariate larger were associated with higher proficiency, while (N400 or P600) was predicted by coalition variables, most notably learners' motivation age arrival in an environment. Our findings show aspects learner's background can differentially sensitivity morphosyntax qualitative use linguistic cues