Environmental Science Methods

摘要: 1 Measurement.- 1.1 Measurement scales.- 1.2 Physical quantities.- 1.3 Accuracy and errors.- 1.4 Sampling.- 1.5 Further reading.- 2 Mathematics.- 2.1 Basic algebra.- 2.2 Vectors.- 2.3 Functions graphs.- 2.4 Rate of change, gradients limits.- 2.5 Differentiation.- 2.6 Maxima minima: optimization.- 2.7 Partial differentiation.- 2.8 Anti-derivatives integration.- 2.9 Equations motion.- 2.10 Differential equations.- 2.11 examples integration in mechanics.- 2.12 3 Statistics.- 3.1 Describing data.- 3.2 Probability the normal distribution.- 3.3 Hypothesis testing.- 3.4 Testing differences between means.- 3.5 The analysis variance.- 3.6 chi-square test.- 3.7 Correlation.- 3.8 Regression.- 3.9 Non-linear relationships.- 3.10 Multiple regression correlation.- 3.11 statistics.- 3.12 4 Computing.- 4.1 What are computers?.- 4.2 Using computer.- 4.3 Data using computers.- 4.4 Non-package computing.- 4.5 Glossary computer terminology.- 4.6 5 Laboratory techniques.- 5.1 Tools trade.- 5.2 Standard chemical 5.3 soils sediments.- 5.4 6 Microscopy.- 6.1 Components operation microscopes.- 6.2 Biological microscopy.- 6.3 Minerals polarized light: petrological microscope.- 6.4 identification minerals thin section.- 6.5 Identification detrital grains.- 6.6 7 Remote sensing.- 7.1 Why remote sensing?.- 7.2 electromagnetic spectrum.- 7.3 sensing 7.4 Viewing aerial photographs.- 7.5 Interpretation 7.6 8 Maps.- 8.1 World maps.- 8.2 Local 8.3 Map conventions.- 8.4 Measurements from 8.5 Geological 8.6 Weather 8.7 9 Surveying.- 9.1 Instruments.- 9.2 Location a point-resection.- 9.3 points-traverses.- 9.4 Height measurement.- 9.5 Construction map.- 9.6 Organization planning survey.- 9.7 10 Social surveys.- 10.1 Types social 10.2 Planning 10.3 Questionnaire design.- 10.4 selection respondents.- 10.5 Carrying out 10.6 After 10.7 11 Project evaluation.- 11.1 Cost benefit analysis.- 11.2 An example cost 11.3 Environmental impact assessment.- 11.4 Impact assessment 11.5 reading.