Peptide-Based Vaccination and Induction of CD8+ T-Cell Responses Against Tumor Antigens in Breast Cancer

摘要: Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified in many malignant tumors. Within these TAAs are peptide sequences that bind major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules recognized by T cells triggering antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell CD4+ T-helper cell responses. Efforts to develop vaccines for breast cancer underway more than 20 years, including whole inactivated tumor as well antigen-loaded dendritic vaccines. The majority of vaccine trials used peptides, single-peptide multiple-peptide formulations using either MHC epitopes oil-based emulsions alone or combination with an adjuvant, such granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Toll-like receptor agonists. Preclinical research vitro animal models has aimed at improving efficacy identifying immunogenic peptides combinations adjuvants cytokine induce stronger immune responses prolong memory. Clinical studies investigating the therapeutic potential active immunization found no serious side effects. In this review, we examine TAA peptide-based vaccination regimens showing promise patients also being investigated clinical safety efficacy. We discuss current limitations field areas future development.