Chilling and Forcing From Cut Twigs-How to Simplify Phenological Experiments for Citizen Science.

摘要: Low-cost phenological experiments with cut twigs are increasingly used to study bud development in response spring warming and photoperiod. However, a broader variety of species needs be tackled particular the influence insufficient winter chilling deserves more attention. Therefore, we investigated if how requirements can efficiently by this low-tech approach could successfully implemented as citizen science or school project. We conducted an experiment on burst leaf Corylus avellana L. twigs, natural outdoors shrub (S) another treatment containers (C), subsequent forcing indoors. Subsampling number cutting dates was infer minimum required sample sizes. Apart from insufficiently chilled ~80% (both S C) reached out. For multiple definitions forcing, negative exponential relationship revealed between amount needed reach certain developmental stages. At least 5 out 15 alternatively half 10 twig repetitions, but especially those mirroring low conditions, were describe chilling-forcing some degree robustness. In addition, for long chilling, i.e., January onwards, freshly significantly than although effect small. general, conditions mature shrubs well captured therefore opening possibility through refrigeration. conclude that experimental protocols outlined here feasible scientists, projects, education, would have potential advance research field carried large scale. provide easy-to-use Shiny simulation app enable scientists build up model based their own data then simulate future and/or warming. This may encourage them further other aspects climate change impacts change.