Maintaining Diversity of Integrated Rice and Fish Production Confers Adaptability of Food Systems to Global Change

摘要: Rice and fish are preferred foods, critical for healthy nutritious diets, provide the foundations of local national economies across Asia. Although transformations, or “revolutions,” in agriculture aquaculture over past half-century have primarily relied upon intensified monoculture to increase rice production, agroecological approaches that support biodiversity utilize natural processes particularly relevant achieving a transformation toward food systems with more inclusive, nutrition-sensitive, ecologically sound outcomes. production frequently integrated within same physical, temporal, social spaces, substantial variation amongst types practice their extent. In Cambodia, field fisheries strongly rely persist up 80% farmland, whereas input infrastructure dependent rice-shrimp culture is expanding farmland Vietnam. We demonstrate how diverse suite practices contribute sustainable nutrition-sensitive policy, research, practice. first develop typology illustrating nature degree of: (a) stocking, (b) water management, (c) use synthetic inputs, (d) institutions control access fish. Second, we summarize recent research innovations improved performance each type Third, synthesize data on prevalence, outcomes, trajectories these four South Southeast Asian countries heavily nutrition security. Focusing changes since brought about by Green Revolution, illustrate continue serve variety objectives varying degrees: security, rural livelihood diversification income improvement, conservation. Five shifts contemporary system transformations [i.e., disaggregating (1) (2) objectives, (3) utilizing metrics, (4) valuing emergent, place-based innovation, (5) building adaptive capacity] would accelerate progress Sustainable Development Goal 2, specifically through ensuring ecosystem maintenance, resilient agricultural capacity adapt global change.