Global human appropriation of net primary production doubled in the 20th century

摘要: Global increases in population, consumption, and gross domestic product raise concerns about the sustainability of current future use natural resources. The human appropriation net primary production (HANPP) provides a useful measure intervention into biosphere. productive capacity land is appropriated by harvesting or burning biomass converting ecosystems to managed lands with lower productivity. This work analyzes trends HANPP from 1910 2005 finds that although population has grown fourfold economic output 17-fold, global only doubled. Despite this increase efficiency, still risen 6.9 Gt carbon per y 14.8 GtC/y 2005, i.e., 13% 25% potential vegetation. Biomass harvested capita year slightly declined despite growth consumption because decline reliance on bioenergy higher conversion efficiencies products. rise efficiency overwhelmingly due increased crop yields, albeit frequently associated substantial ecological costs, such as fossil energy inputs, soil degradation, biodiversity loss. If humans can maintain past trend lines gains, we estimate might grow 27–29% 2050, but providing large amounts could 44%. result calls for caution refocusing economy land-based resources strategies foster continuation land-use without excessively increasing costs intensification.