Pattern of richness and distribution of groundwater Copepoda (Cyclopoida: Harpacticoida) and Ostracoda in Romania: an evolutionary perspective

摘要: It is assumed that the south-eastern Europe and especially Romanian Carpathians were important regions for surface underground invertebrates survival during glacial periods acted as a source of post-glacial colonization processes. We analyzed data from 233 georeferenced records 164 species groundwater copepods ostracods Romania used comparative approach to recognize determinants regional-scale richness, endemism, distribution patterns, with primary focus on Carpathian Mountains. In addition, we examined driving forces observed pattern richness linked contemporary (groundwater habitat fragmentation heterogeneity, climate, vegetation) historical (past climate environmental conditions. Our analyses showed that: (1) was high, irrespective in karst non-karst areas; (2) main driver accounting high landscape rainfall regime (> 1350 mm per year), whereas, areas, it woodland vegetation; (3) there significant phyletic lineages hypothetical forest refugia arc. The combination pattern, diversification, evolution stygobite provides reliable evidence persistence Pleistocene.