Protein moonlighting: a new factor in biology and medicine

摘要: The phenomenon of protein moonlighting was discovered in the 1980s and 1990s, current definition what constitutes a provided at end 1990s. Since this time, several hundred proteins have been identified all three domains life, rate discovery is accelerating as importance biology medicine becomes apparent. recent re-evaluation number protein-coding genes human genome (approximately 19000) one reason for believing that may be more general than would suggest, preliminary studies proportion moonlight concur with hypothesis. Protein could way explaining seemingly small are encoded genome. It emerging can exhibit novel biological functions, thus extending range functional proteome. so far play important roles many aspects biology. For example, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), heat-shock 60 (Hsp60) tRNA synthetases wide eukaryotic cells, growing recognized to physiological processes such sperm capacitation, implantation, immune regulation pregnancy, blood coagulation, vascular regeneration control inflammation. dark side finds playing various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, HIV cystic fibrosis. However, some being tested their therapeutic potential, immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding (BiP), rheumatoid arthritis, Hsp90 wound healing. In addition, it has emerged over last 20 years large bacterial bacteria–host interactions virulence factors therefore potential targets infections. So we progress 21st Century, likely will seen an increasingly role medicine. hoped major unanswered questions, mechanism evolution moonlighting, structural systems cellular addressed during period.