Chemical cues from piscivores induce a change in morphology in crucian carp
作者： Christer Brönmark , Lars B. Pettersson , Christer Bronmark
DOI: 10.2307/3545777
关键词: Phenotypic plasticity 、 Predation 、 Carassius carassius 、 Esox 、 Pike 、 Cyprinidae 、 Predator 、 Ecology 、 Crucian carp 、 Biology
摘要: Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) develop a deeper body in the presence of northern pike (Esox lucius) and this has been suggested to be predator-induced morphological defense. The evolution inducible defenses requires that prey have reliable cues detecting predator. Here we investigate nature used by crucian series laboratory experiments. We monitored change depth when exposed visual chemical from predators alarm substances conspecifics. Results show are sufficient induce an increase carp. Alarm released injured crucians had no effect on depth, whereas pike, even not feeding experimental aquaria, induced
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