A Time-Of-Flight Depth Sensor - System Description, Issues and Solutions

作者: S.B. Gokturk , H. Yalcin , C. Bamji

DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.2004.291

关键词: CMOSReal-time computingPixelReduction (complexity)Face (geometry)Artificial intelligenceClock generatorElectronic engineeringComputer science

摘要: This paper describes a CMOS-based time-of-flight depth sensor and presents some experimental data while addressing various issues arising from its use. Our system is single-chip solution based on special CMOS pixel structure that can extract phase information the received light pulses. The chip integrates 64x64 array with high-speed clock generator ADC. A unique advantage of it be manufactured an ordinary process. Compared other types sensors reported in literature, our offers significant advantages, including superior accuracy, high frame rate, cost effectiveness drastic reduction processing required to construct maps. We explain factors determine resolution system, discuss problems might face, propose practical solutions.

参考文章(10)
J.K. Aggarwal, Y.F. Wang, Inference of object surface structure from structured lighting—an overview Machine Vision: Algorithms, Architectures, and Systems. pp. 193- 220 ,(1988) , 10.1016/B978-0-12-266720-6.50015-2
R. Jeremias, W. Brockherde, G. Doemens, B. Hosticka, L. Listl, P. Mengel, A CMOS photosensor array for 3D imaging using pulsed laser international solid-state circuits conference. pp. 252- 253 ,(2001) , 10.1109/ISSCC.2001.912627
K. L. Boyer, A. C. Kak, Color-Encoded Structured Light for Rapid Active Ranging IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. ,vol. PAMI-9, pp. 14- 28 ,(1987) , 10.1109/TPAMI.1987.4767869
M.D. Adams, Coaxial range measurement - current trends for mobile robotic applications IEEE Sensors Journal. ,vol. 2, pp. 2- 13 ,(2002) , 10.1109/7361.987055
C.P. Jerian, R. Jain, Structure from motion-a critical analysis of methods systems man and cybernetics. ,vol. 21, pp. 572- 588 ,(1991) , 10.1109/21.97478
Stephen T. Barnard, William B. Thompson, Disparity Analysis of Images IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. ,vol. 2, pp. 333- 340 ,(1980) , 10.1109/TPAMI.1980.4767032
Alex Paul Pentland, A New Sense for Depth of Field IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. ,vol. PAMI-9, pp. 523- 531 ,(1987) , 10.1109/TPAMI.1987.4767940
R. Miyagawa, T. Kanade, CCD-based range-finding sensor IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. ,vol. 44, pp. 1648- 1652 ,(1997) , 10.1109/16.628817
S.K. Nayar, Y. Nakagawa, Shape from focus IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. ,vol. 16, pp. 824- 831 ,(1994) , 10.1109/34.308479