Point-defect thermodynamics and size effects

摘要: Abstract The introductory part reviews some basic aspects of bulk point-defect thermodynamics. It makes use the fact that for purposes under consideration, real structure can be decomposed in a perfect ground and superimposed defect structure. Then modifications concentration distribution are considered occurring if interfaces approached. A simple treatment is possible abrupt core-space charge situation which standard chemical potentials assumed to change step-like way. Evidence given very many cases this reasonable model. There, adjustment at occurs solely via space regions. ‘Trivial’ size effects brought about by changed surface (i.e. core plus layer) volume ratio. mesoscale effect expected width layers no longer small compared with distance neighbouring (Debye-length λ as scaling parameter). In situations, e.g. extremely clusters treated, distinct deviations also occur, affecting energetic entropic terms. Since such usually decay steeply increasing interfacial ( L ), another parameter (l) defines further mesoscopic regime. As examples, micro- nano-sized particles, films, polycrystals composites discussed.