Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) as a noradrenergic disorder

摘要: This review revisits the thesis that a dysregulation of central noradrenergic networks may underlie pathophysiology ADHD. We pertinent neurobiological and pharmacological literature on The system has been intimately associated with modulation higher cortical functions including attention, alertness, vigilance executive function. Noradrenergic activation is known to profoundly affect performance especially maintenance arousal, cognitive function be deficient in Data from family, adoption, twin, segregation analysis strongly support genetic hypothesis for this disorder. Although molecular studies ADHD are relatively new far definitive, several replicated reports have found associations between DAT D4 receptor genes. Brain imaging fit well idea dysfunction fronto-subcortical pathways occurs its underlying A wealth data (within without stimulant literature) provides strong evidence selective clinical activity drugs dopaminergic profiles. Available research compelling theoretic, basic biologic notion brain disorder likely etiology etiologic pathophysiologic heterogeneity. Neurobiological provide suggest play an important role therapeutics