Recent advances in the understanding of the pathology of testicular germ-cell tumors

摘要: Most testicular cancers probably arise in intratubular germ cells. This article proposes that tumorigenesis involves two steps: activation of the cells, which can result either simple proliferation (intratubular atypia) or parthenogenetic development (teratomas), and malignant transformation, simultaneously (embryonal carcinoma) later (tumors with restricted developmental potential). The embryonal carcinoma cells then may be able to differentiate into other types nonseminomatous tumors according traditional schema. model implies histologically similar have different origins destinies. clinical implications are discussed briefly.